What are various text formatting used in HTML document? Explain with example?

HTML uses a number of elements to format the text. You can change the heading styles, make paragraphs, add list, change font color and size etc. The elements that are available to perform such formatting are classified into following categories.
·        Inline elements
·        Bloke-level elements
INLINE ELEMENTS
Inline elements are those elements that are used to format some words, single word or even a single character in a sentence on a webpage. They do not have a line break before and after them. Sometimes it is also referred to as character formatting.
Inline elements can be further categorized into two categories.
·        Physical Inline elements
·        Logical Inline elements
PHYSICAL INLINE ELEMENTS
It specify what final appearance of the contained text should look like. The various physical inline elements are:
ELEMENTS
PURPOSE
EXAMPLE
RESULT
<I>………</I>

<B>………</B>

<U>………</U>

<SUB>………</SUB>

<SUP>………</SUP>

<STRIKE>…</STRIKE>



<TT>………</TT>

<small>………</small>

<big>………</big>

Italicize text

Bold text

Underline text

Subscript text

Superscript text
Strike through text, used to show corrections.
Type writer font
Smaller font

Bigger font
<I>text</I>

<B>text</B>

<U>text</U>

H<SUB>2</SUB>O

Y=x<SUP>2</SUP>

<STRIKE>Mistake
</STRIKE>


<TT>Fixed width text</TT>
<small>small size
</small>
<small>Bigger size
</small>
Text

Text

Text

H2O

Y=x2

Mistake



Fixed width Text

Small size

Bigger size
Example:-
<Html>
<head>
<title> Physical Inline Elements</title>
<Head>
<body>
GOOD MORNING
<i>INDIA</i>
<b>IS KNOWN FOR</b>
<u>DIFFERENT CULTURES</u>
S<sub>2</sub>O
<strike>IS</strike>
<tt>SULPHUR </tt>
<small>DIOXIDE</small>
<big>which is used for many purposes.</big>
y=x<sup>2</sup> is a equation.
</body>
</html>



LOGICAL INLINE ELEMENTS
Logical Inline Elements implicitly describe the text according to its meaning. They tell the browser that the text contained is different from ordinary text but it is up to the browser how to display text.
ELEMENTS
PURPOSE
EXAMPLE
RESULT
<def>…</def>




<em>…</em>





<cite>…</cite>

<code>…</code>




<samp>…</samp>


<strong>…</strong>


<KBD>…</KBD>



<var>…</var>


<acronym>..</acronym>

Definition of words, typically displayed in italics.
For emphasizing important parts of document.

Citation

For coding




For sample
 Text

For strong emphasis.

For text as Keyboard input.

For indicating variable

For specifying text as acronyms
<def>Visual Basic</def>



<em>Deadline is 25.10.2007</em>




<cite>Text</cite>

<code>
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
cout<<i;
</code>

<samp>Internet in a day</samp>

<strong>Important data</strong>

Clear Screen--<kbd>cls</kbd>


<var>Int p;</var>


<acronym> WAP</acronym>

Visual Basic




Deadline is 25.10.2007





Text


for(i=0;i<=5;i++) cout<<> Int p;




Internet in
a day


Important data



Clear Screen—cls





Int p;




WAP

Example :-
<html>
<head>
<title> Logical Inline Elements</title>
<Head>
<body>
<em>Deadline is 25.10.2011</em>
<def>INTERNET PROGRAMING</def>
<samp>Have a nice day</samp>
<strong>Important day is Tuesday</strong>
<code>
for(j=0;j<=5;j++)
cout<<j;
</code>
<var>Int r;</var>
Clear Screen--<kbd>cls</kbd>
DOCOMO<Acronym> Do Communication On Mobile</Acronym>
</body>
</html>


BLOCK LEVEL ELEMENTS
Block level elements render any applicable formatting and insert an additional line break or carriage return before and after the block i.e. they all start on their own new line.The block level elements are :
HEADINGS (<H1>, <H2>……., <H6>)
Headings are used to create headlines in documents such as title of the page.HTML supports six heading levels <H1>,<H2>,<H3>,<H4>,<H5> and <H6>.
Example:-
<html>
<head>
<title> Applying headings</title>
</Head>
<body>
<h1> BCA </h1>
<h2> BCA </h2>
<h3> BCA </h3>
<h4> BCA </h4>
<h5> BCA </h5>
<h6> BCA </h6>
</body>
</html>



PARAGRAPH TAG (<P>)
Paragraph tag <p> is used to divide the document looks like a single large paragraph into sections, So to make it editable easily.
Example:-
<html>
<head>
<title>About Paragraph</title>
</Head>
<body>
<p>Look into my eyes - you will see, what you mean to me </p>
<p align="right">Search your heart - search your soul, and when you find me there you'll search no more </p>
</body>
</html>


LINE BREAK TAG (<BR>)
<BR> tag ends the line at the position where you place it and takes the cursor to the beginning of the new line.
Example:-
<html>
<head>
<title>About break</title>
</head>
PGGC-46=<br>
BCA<br>
BA<br>
B.COM<br>
M.COM<br>
</body>
</html>

HORIZONTAL RULE TAG (<HR>)
The <HR> is used to insert horizontal line in the document. It is mostly used to separate document sections.
Example :-
<Html>
<head>
<title>Horizontal line</title>
</head>
It is used to insert horizontal line
<hr>
</body>
</html>

ADDRESS TAG (<ADDRESS>)
The <address> tag is used to indicate the name, address and e-mail addresses of the owner of the webpage. It generally displays its contents in italics.
Example :-
<Html>
<head>
<title>Address tag</title>
</Head>
<adress>
VIKAS BAILWAL<br>
#511/2, SECTOR-41A, CHANDIGARH</br>
Chandigarh.
</address>
</body>
</html>


BLOCKQUOTE TAG (<BLOCKQUOTE>)
The <BLOCKQUOTE> tag is used to represent large quotations in a separate block in the browser’s window.
Example:-
<html>
<head>
<title>Quotation</title>
</head>
<blockquote>
"When there is a will<br>
there is a way"
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>


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